Overview of geo technical engineering, what is soil, types of soil, Learn with Ashiso, learnwithashiso.

• Soil is the mixture of organic matter, minerals, gasses, liquids and organism that together support life. 
• Karl Terzaghi is the father of soil mechanics. 
• Earth's body of soil is called pedosphere.
• The formation of soil is termed as   pedogenesis.
• Soil is formed due to weathering of rocks. 
  

• Weathering is rock may be physical  (Mechanical disintegration ) or chemically. 

Note:-

            Leaching is the process of extracting a substance from a solid materials that is dissolved in water. 

• If soil is formed by physical weathering there is no change in minerals content of soil but it is formed by chemical weathering minerals content of soil differs from that rock.

Types of soil:-

1. Alluvial soil:- 

                                  It is the soil which is deposited from suspension in running water found along bank of rivers. 

     2. Lacustrine soil:-

                                        It is the soil which is deposited from suspension in still water and lake. 

    3. Marine soil:-

                                 It is the soil which is deposited from sea water. 

     4. Aeoline soil:-

                                  It is the soil which is transported by blowing wind. 

                       It is found in Rajasthan and Gujrat.

     5. Glacial soil:- 

                                 It is the soil which is transported by ice. 

          It is found in Jammu & Kashmir. 

     6. Colluvial soil / Talus soil:- 

                                                           It is formed to transportation by gravity. 

                           This type of soil generally found in hilly areas. 

      7. Marl soil:-   

                             It is finally grained calcium carbonate skill of marine origin which is formed due to decomposition of plants and bones of animals.

• Chemically weathering
• Residual soil 
• Found on Andman Nicobar,W.B. and coastal region. 

   8. Bentonite soil:-      

                                     It is chemical weathering volcanic ash, it is residual soil. 

  9. Black cotton soil:-

                                       It is residual soil formed by basalt and have excess of mantmorillonite in it. Dark in color and suitable for growing cotton. 

   10. Laterite soil:-

                                   It is the soil which is formed due to leaching, it is found in hilly areas of North- East India.