Theodolite traversing, uses of theodolite traversing, types and methods of theodolite traversing, theodolite traversing by included angle method.

 A traverse is a series of connected kines whose lengths and directions are measured in the field. 

The system of surveying in which the angles are measured with the help of a theodolite, is called theodolite surveying. 

* Different method of traversing:-

      1. Traversing by included angles 

      2. Traversing by deflection angles 

1. Traversing by included angles:-

• This method is more accurate than the fast needle method. 
• In fat needle method the magnetic bearing of traverse lines are measured by a theodolite fitted with a compass. 
• Traversing by the method of included angle is most commonly used. 
• In this method the magnetic bearing of any lines is measured in the field. 

     Procedure:-

• Setup the theodolite A.
• Observed ther bearing of line AB.

• Then the angle EAB is measured taking back sight on E and fore sight on B turning ther telescope clockwise. 
• Take both face reading to eliminate error and for accuracy work use repetition method. 
• The instrument is then shifted ti each of the successive stations B, C, D and E and the included angles are measured. The length of AB, BC, CD...... are measured with tape or chain. 

2. Traversing by deflection angle:-

                  

 This method is suitable for open traverse and is mostly employed in the survey of rivers, roads, railways, canals, etc.